Lulua
29-09-2001, 15:34
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful
The Canadian Islamic Congress Friday Bulletin
Tue. Sept. 18 2001-30 Jumaada al-Thaany 1422 A.H. Year:4 Vol:4 Issue:63
================================================== ================================================== =========================================
================================================== ================================================== =========================================JIHAD;
WAGING PEACE AND JUSTICE
================================================== ================================================== =========================================By
Prof. Mohamed Elmasry
1. The word Jihad (from the Arabic root Ga-Ha-Da) is a verbal noun
meaning exerting an effort, expounding an energy, striving, working to
improve, struggling, doing one’s best.
From the same Arabic root, there is Majhood (effort), Mojtahed (a person
who does his/her best), Ijtehad (Islamic science of deducting Islamic
laws from basic sources), Johid (potential or energy as in electrical
potential or energy) and Jihad (persuasion as in (29:8), (31:15),
(6:109)).
2. Jihad in Islam is waging peace and justice. Jihad is a war against
unjust, oppression, exploitation, tyranny, fear, corruption and denying
the masses basic human rights (4:75-76) and to establish justice, peace,
freedom, especially freedom of religion, security, equity and social
justice (2:193).
The tools for launching this war are knowledge, effort, resources,
activism, awareness, praying, persuasion, combativeness, advocacy in
addition to exercising social, political and military pressures (9:111),
(8:60), (9:44-45).
The use of the military option is not ruled out and would be used if and
only if it is the only option to stop a greater evil (2:216). The rules
of engagement are so strenuous for a given military option to qualify as
Jihad. Not every military champagne is a Jihad (2:244).
3. Jihad in Islam is not meant for domination, and not to achieve
personal, territorial and/or economical gains and not to exercise power
and control. Any type of aggression would make Jihad null and void
(2:190-191).
4. One of the most important objectives of Jihad in Islam is to stand
for those who are oppressed and/or forced out of their homes just
because of their religion (22:39-40).
5. Those who are performing outward Jihad must also spiritually reform
themselves by performing (al-jihad al-akbar), an inward personal and
more difficult type of Jihad (29:69), (22:78).
This type of Jihad is the internal spiritual and moral struggle which
should lead to the victory over the ego. This is an important,
necessary, and meritorious type of Jihad. In effect, this type of Jihad
is the one which we wage against our lower selves, according to the
Prophetic traditions. This personal effort made to overcome the self is
considered to be “the greatest Jihad”, as mention in a Hadith narrated
by Imam Ahmed.
6. It is impossible for Jihad to be performed by an oppressor, a tyrant,
a transgressor or an exploiter; it does not matter what that
person/government/group calls his/her/its actions. Nor there is Jihad
for those who are after personal, tribal and national gains (9:24).
It is precisely in such a context that Jihad meant not to have a
negative but a positive meaning both inwardly and outwardly and it is in
this sense that Islam has stressed the positive aspect of combativeness;
peace belongs to those who are inwardly at peace and outwardly at war
with the forces of unjust.
7. Jihad is an unselfish and noble effort for the good of humanity
(29:6), involving many sacrifices; money, time, effort, and the ultimate
sacrifice of all, life itself. But the rewards of this unselfish and
noble act are immense (29:69), (9:41), (4:74), (3:142), (9:16), (9:111),
(49:15) and its negligence is costly for humanity (9:38-39), (9:24),
(9:81).
8. For political and historical reasons, the word Jihad in the West
connotes violence. It is most often translated into English not only as
“a holy war,” but also a war waged against non-Muslims, a kind of
Crusade in reverse.
Today in the West the term Jihad leads people to believe that Muslims
are supposedly encouraged to take up arms in order to impose their faith
by force, annihilating those who reject it.
This is contrary to the Islamic teachings that it is not for man but
for God alone to judge and punish disbelief and that compulsion in
religious matters is formally forbidden (2:256). It is regrettable that
in Western public opinion, Jihad seems to have retained only the
misleading meaning of “holy war.”
9. The Qur’an explicitly safeguards the clergy, declaring that God
protects non-Muslim places of worship: “Did not God check one set of
people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down
monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of God
is commemorated in abundant measure.”
This prohibition is corroborated and elucidated by the Prophetic
tradition which forbids soldiers to do harm to any religious persons,
whereas they could logically have been the primary targets if the motive
of “holy war” had been religious.
Without putting Western civilization on trial, we should nevertheless
mention by way of contrast that several centuries later, the founders of
international law in Europe excluded the Muslim “infidels” from the
benefits of the law of wars. Yet, the concept of “holy war” remains
branded as the expression of the Muslims’ religious fanaticism. How
ineradicable are the prejudices!
10. Jihad was and still being invoked in Muslim protests against foreign
occupation, oppression and exploitation during colonialism,
post-colonialism, and neocolonialism, a cause perceived as both just and
necessary.
However some Muslims must bear responsibility for the bad name given to
Jihad. Today some contemporary governments and groups in Muslim
countries make reference to Jihad only in its military meaning, through
words and deeds, in order to hide their moral, social and political
bankruptcy. In the process they kill the innocent, cause only death and
destruction and do not advance the cause of peace and justice. But
regrettably they are the ones who show up regularly in the newspapers
and on television.
11. Today Muslim’s outlook on Jihad are one of the following:
a. All types of Jihad is irrelevant to Muslims today.
b. All types of Jihad is justified except these types which involve the
use of armed resistance.
c. All types of Jihad is very much relevant and needed today, from the
inward spiritual struggle against one’s lower self, to activism for
peace, justice, social justice,...etc, to armed resistance whenever
armed resistance is justified; for example against foreign occupation,
oppression, tyranny and unjust.
[Prof. Mohamed Elmasry is national president of the Canadian Islamic
Congress.]
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
PLEASE POST, MAKE COPIES
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
The Canadian Islamic Congress is a national Canadian organization
committed to serve Muslim Canadians.
Be a member ($100/year, $50/year for youth [Ages: 13-23] ) or a life
member ($1000) and/or donate. Read more CIC news, other information,
and find membership application forms at our web site.
420 Erb St. West, Suite: 424
Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6K6 ##### #### #####
Tel: 519-746-1CIC (1242) # # #
Fax: 519-746-2929 # # #
E-mail: cic@cicnow.com # # #
URL: http://www.cicnow.com ##### #### #####
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
The Canadian Islamic Congress Friday Bulletin
Tue. Sept. 18 2001-30 Jumaada al-Thaany 1422 A.H. Year:4 Vol:4 Issue:63
================================================== ================================================== =========================================
================================================== ================================================== =========================================JIHAD;
WAGING PEACE AND JUSTICE
================================================== ================================================== =========================================By
Prof. Mohamed Elmasry
1. The word Jihad (from the Arabic root Ga-Ha-Da) is a verbal noun
meaning exerting an effort, expounding an energy, striving, working to
improve, struggling, doing one’s best.
From the same Arabic root, there is Majhood (effort), Mojtahed (a person
who does his/her best), Ijtehad (Islamic science of deducting Islamic
laws from basic sources), Johid (potential or energy as in electrical
potential or energy) and Jihad (persuasion as in (29:8), (31:15),
(6:109)).
2. Jihad in Islam is waging peace and justice. Jihad is a war against
unjust, oppression, exploitation, tyranny, fear, corruption and denying
the masses basic human rights (4:75-76) and to establish justice, peace,
freedom, especially freedom of religion, security, equity and social
justice (2:193).
The tools for launching this war are knowledge, effort, resources,
activism, awareness, praying, persuasion, combativeness, advocacy in
addition to exercising social, political and military pressures (9:111),
(8:60), (9:44-45).
The use of the military option is not ruled out and would be used if and
only if it is the only option to stop a greater evil (2:216). The rules
of engagement are so strenuous for a given military option to qualify as
Jihad. Not every military champagne is a Jihad (2:244).
3. Jihad in Islam is not meant for domination, and not to achieve
personal, territorial and/or economical gains and not to exercise power
and control. Any type of aggression would make Jihad null and void
(2:190-191).
4. One of the most important objectives of Jihad in Islam is to stand
for those who are oppressed and/or forced out of their homes just
because of their religion (22:39-40).
5. Those who are performing outward Jihad must also spiritually reform
themselves by performing (al-jihad al-akbar), an inward personal and
more difficult type of Jihad (29:69), (22:78).
This type of Jihad is the internal spiritual and moral struggle which
should lead to the victory over the ego. This is an important,
necessary, and meritorious type of Jihad. In effect, this type of Jihad
is the one which we wage against our lower selves, according to the
Prophetic traditions. This personal effort made to overcome the self is
considered to be “the greatest Jihad”, as mention in a Hadith narrated
by Imam Ahmed.
6. It is impossible for Jihad to be performed by an oppressor, a tyrant,
a transgressor or an exploiter; it does not matter what that
person/government/group calls his/her/its actions. Nor there is Jihad
for those who are after personal, tribal and national gains (9:24).
It is precisely in such a context that Jihad meant not to have a
negative but a positive meaning both inwardly and outwardly and it is in
this sense that Islam has stressed the positive aspect of combativeness;
peace belongs to those who are inwardly at peace and outwardly at war
with the forces of unjust.
7. Jihad is an unselfish and noble effort for the good of humanity
(29:6), involving many sacrifices; money, time, effort, and the ultimate
sacrifice of all, life itself. But the rewards of this unselfish and
noble act are immense (29:69), (9:41), (4:74), (3:142), (9:16), (9:111),
(49:15) and its negligence is costly for humanity (9:38-39), (9:24),
(9:81).
8. For political and historical reasons, the word Jihad in the West
connotes violence. It is most often translated into English not only as
“a holy war,” but also a war waged against non-Muslims, a kind of
Crusade in reverse.
Today in the West the term Jihad leads people to believe that Muslims
are supposedly encouraged to take up arms in order to impose their faith
by force, annihilating those who reject it.
This is contrary to the Islamic teachings that it is not for man but
for God alone to judge and punish disbelief and that compulsion in
religious matters is formally forbidden (2:256). It is regrettable that
in Western public opinion, Jihad seems to have retained only the
misleading meaning of “holy war.”
9. The Qur’an explicitly safeguards the clergy, declaring that God
protects non-Muslim places of worship: “Did not God check one set of
people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down
monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of God
is commemorated in abundant measure.”
This prohibition is corroborated and elucidated by the Prophetic
tradition which forbids soldiers to do harm to any religious persons,
whereas they could logically have been the primary targets if the motive
of “holy war” had been religious.
Without putting Western civilization on trial, we should nevertheless
mention by way of contrast that several centuries later, the founders of
international law in Europe excluded the Muslim “infidels” from the
benefits of the law of wars. Yet, the concept of “holy war” remains
branded as the expression of the Muslims’ religious fanaticism. How
ineradicable are the prejudices!
10. Jihad was and still being invoked in Muslim protests against foreign
occupation, oppression and exploitation during colonialism,
post-colonialism, and neocolonialism, a cause perceived as both just and
necessary.
However some Muslims must bear responsibility for the bad name given to
Jihad. Today some contemporary governments and groups in Muslim
countries make reference to Jihad only in its military meaning, through
words and deeds, in order to hide their moral, social and political
bankruptcy. In the process they kill the innocent, cause only death and
destruction and do not advance the cause of peace and justice. But
regrettably they are the ones who show up regularly in the newspapers
and on television.
11. Today Muslim’s outlook on Jihad are one of the following:
a. All types of Jihad is irrelevant to Muslims today.
b. All types of Jihad is justified except these types which involve the
use of armed resistance.
c. All types of Jihad is very much relevant and needed today, from the
inward spiritual struggle against one’s lower self, to activism for
peace, justice, social justice,...etc, to armed resistance whenever
armed resistance is justified; for example against foreign occupation,
oppression, tyranny and unjust.
[Prof. Mohamed Elmasry is national president of the Canadian Islamic
Congress.]
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
PLEASE POST, MAKE COPIES
__________________________________________________ _____________________________
The Canadian Islamic Congress is a national Canadian organization
committed to serve Muslim Canadians.
Be a member ($100/year, $50/year for youth [Ages: 13-23] ) or a life
member ($1000) and/or donate. Read more CIC news, other information,
and find membership application forms at our web site.
420 Erb St. West, Suite: 424
Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6K6 ##### #### #####
Tel: 519-746-1CIC (1242) # # #
Fax: 519-746-2929 # # #
E-mail: cic@cicnow.com # # #
URL: http://www.cicnow.com ##### #### #####
__________________________________________________ _____________________________