Lulua
16-01-2003, 22:01
How to Perform the Rituals of Hajj and ‘Umrah
Author: Shaikh Muhammad Ibn Saalih Al-‘Uthaimeen
Source: His book on Hajj and ‘Umrah
Produced by: al-manhaj.com
Ę Printer Version
All praise be to Allaah, Lord of the Universe, and may peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, the last of the prophets and messengers, and upon his family and esteemed Companions.
Hajj is one of the best forms of worship and it is one of the most sublime deeds because it is one of the pillars of Islam that Allaah sent Muhammad (saws) with. A servant's Religion is incomplete without it. A form of worship is only acceptable when the following is true.
1. One devotes it to Allaah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter. It cannot be done with the intention of being seen among people or for worldly gain.
2. One must follow the Prophet's example, in words and deeds. This cannot be accomplished except by gaining knowledge of the Sunnah.
Forms of Pilgrimage:
There are three forms of Hajj: 1) Tamattu', 2) Ifraad, and 3) Qiran
Tamattu': A pilgrim wears Ihraam for ‘Umrah only during the months of Hajj, which means when a pilgrim reaches Makkah, he/she makes Tawaaf and Sa'ee for ‘Umrah. Then he shaves or clips the hair. On the day of Tarwiya, which is the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim puts on his Ihram for Hajj only and carries out all of its requirements.
Ifraad: A pilgrim wears Ihraam for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah, he performs Tawaaf for his arrival and Sa'ee for Hajj. He doesn't shave or clip his hair as he doesn't disengage from Ihraam. Instead, he remains in Ihraam till after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the day of ‘Eid. It is permissible for him to postpone his Sa'ee for Hajj until after his Tawaaf for Hajj.
Qiran: A pilgrim wears Iharam for both ‘Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihraam first for ‘Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaaf for Hajj. The obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same as those on one performing Qiran, except that the latter must slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so. The best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form that the Prophet (saws) encouraged his followers to perform.
Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to perform Qiran or Ifraad he is allowed to change his intentions to Tamattu'. He can do this even after he has performed Tawaaf and Sa'ee. When the Prophet (saws) performed Tawaaf and Sa'ee during the year of the Farewell Hajj with his Companions, he ordered all those who hadn't brought sacrificial animals to change their intentions for Hajj to intentions for ‘Umrah, cut their hair and disengage from Ihram till Hajj. He said: ”If I hadn't brought the sacrificial animal, I'd have done what I've ordered you to do.”
The ‘Umrah:
If a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for ‘Umrah, he should shed his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihraam.
Bathing for Ihraam is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing post-natal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Raka’at, which are made each time ablution is performed.
When he finishes his prayer he should say: “Here I am (for ‘Umrah), Oh Allaah, here I am. Here I am. You who has no partner, here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partner.” [This is the Talbeeyah].
A man raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her. One in Ihraam should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially when times and places change. For example: when descending or ascending during travel or when day or night approach. He should also ask Allaah for His pleasure, for Paradise and he should seek refuge in Allaah's mercy from Hellfire.
One should say the Talbeeyah during ‘Umrah, starting from the time he puts on his Ihraam till he starts Tawaaf. During Hajj he should say it starting from the time he puts on his Ihraam till he starts to stone Jamrah Al-‘Aqaba on the day of ‘Eid. When a pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot first and says: "In the name of Allaah, may the peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allaah. Oh Allaah, forgive me my sins and open to me the doors of Your Mercy. I seek refuge in Allaah the Almighty and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal Dominion from the accursed Devil." He approaches the Black Stone, touches it with his right hand and kisses it. If this isn't possible, he should face the Black Stone and point to it. It is best not to push and shove, causing harm and being harmed by other people.
When touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: “In the name of Allaah, Allaah is the Greatest. Oh, Allaah, with faith in You, belief in Your Book, loyalty to You, compliance to the Way of Your Prophet Muhammad (saws)."
A pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches the Rukn Al Yamanee (Yemeni Corner), he should touch, but not kiss it, and say: “Our Lord, grant us good in this life and good in the Hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Hellfire. Oh Allaah, I beg of You for forgiveness and health in this life and in the Hereafter." Each time he passes the Black Stone he should say: "Allaah is the Greatest."
During the remainder of his Tawaaf, he may say what he pleases of supplications, dhikr of Allaah, and recitation of Qur’aan. This is because Tawaaf, Sa'ee, and Stoning the Jamrah have been devised for the purpose of making Dhikr to Allaah. During this Tawaaf it is necessary for a man to do two things:
1. Al-ldhtibaa' - from the beginning of Tawaaf until the end. Al-ldhtubaa' means placing the middle of one's Ridaa (garment) under his right arm and the ends of it over his left shoulder. When he is finished performing Tawaaf, he may return his Ridaa to its original state because the time for Idhtibaa' is only during Tawaaf.
2. Al-Raml - during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during his last four circuits. When he completes seven circuits of Tawaaf, he approaches Maqaam Ibraaheem and recites: ”And take the station of Ibraaheem as a place of Prayer.” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 125]
He must pray two short Raka’at, as close as conveniently possible behind Maqaam Ibraaheem. During the first Raka’ah he should recite Surah Al-Kafiroon [Chapter 109] and during the second one, Surah Al- lkhlaas [Chapter 112].
When he completes the two Raka’at he should return to the Black Stone and touch it, if possible. He then must go out to the Mesa'a and when he gets near to As-Safaa he should recite: “Verily As- Safaa and Al-Marwah are from the symbols of Allaah.” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 158]
He should ascend As-Safaa until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Then while facing the Ka'bah and while raising his hands, he should praise Allaah and makes any supplication he chooses. The Prophet (saws) would say this: “There is no Deity worthy of worship except Allaah” three times, supplicating in between.
He then descends As-Safaa and heads for Al-Marwah at a normal pace until he reaches the green marker. He should then run fast until the next green marker. Then he is ot continue towards Al-Marwah at a normal pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the Qiblah, raises his hands and repeats what he said on As-Safaa. Then he must descend Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking care to walk where walking is designated, and run where running is designated.
He must continue this procedure until he completes seven circuits. Going from As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is one circuit and returning is another circuit. During his Sa'ee he may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation of Qur'aan, and mentioning of Allaah. In completion of the Sa’ee, he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair the length of a fingertip. Shaving is preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient time for hair to grow back. In this case it's best to clip so that hair will remain for shaving during Hajj. With that, ‘Umrah is completed and a pilgrim is free to dress in other clothing, wear perfume and engage in marital relations, etc.
The Hajj:
In the forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself once again by bathing as he did before ‘Umrah in the place in which he is staying, if convenient. He then puts on his Ihraam and says: “Here I am for Hajj. Here I am, O Allaah, here I am. Here I am. You who has no partner, here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partners.”
If he fears that something will prevent him from completing his Hajj he should make a condition when he makes his intention, saying: “If I am prevented by any obstacle my place is wherever I am held up.” If he has no such fear, he doesn't make this condition.
The pilgrim then goes to Minaa and prays Dhuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Ishaa and Fajr there, shortening his four unit prayers so as to make them two units each, but without combining them.
When the sun rises, he then goes to ‘Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and ‘Asr combined at the time of Dhuhr, making each one two units. Then he is to remain in Namira Mosque until sunset if possible. He should make dhikr of Allaah and make as many supplications as possible, while facing the Qiblah.
Author: Shaikh Muhammad Ibn Saalih Al-‘Uthaimeen
Source: His book on Hajj and ‘Umrah
Produced by: al-manhaj.com
Ę Printer Version
All praise be to Allaah, Lord of the Universe, and may peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, the last of the prophets and messengers, and upon his family and esteemed Companions.
Hajj is one of the best forms of worship and it is one of the most sublime deeds because it is one of the pillars of Islam that Allaah sent Muhammad (saws) with. A servant's Religion is incomplete without it. A form of worship is only acceptable when the following is true.
1. One devotes it to Allaah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter. It cannot be done with the intention of being seen among people or for worldly gain.
2. One must follow the Prophet's example, in words and deeds. This cannot be accomplished except by gaining knowledge of the Sunnah.
Forms of Pilgrimage:
There are three forms of Hajj: 1) Tamattu', 2) Ifraad, and 3) Qiran
Tamattu': A pilgrim wears Ihraam for ‘Umrah only during the months of Hajj, which means when a pilgrim reaches Makkah, he/she makes Tawaaf and Sa'ee for ‘Umrah. Then he shaves or clips the hair. On the day of Tarwiya, which is the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim puts on his Ihram for Hajj only and carries out all of its requirements.
Ifraad: A pilgrim wears Ihraam for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah, he performs Tawaaf for his arrival and Sa'ee for Hajj. He doesn't shave or clip his hair as he doesn't disengage from Ihraam. Instead, he remains in Ihraam till after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the day of ‘Eid. It is permissible for him to postpone his Sa'ee for Hajj until after his Tawaaf for Hajj.
Qiran: A pilgrim wears Iharam for both ‘Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihraam first for ‘Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaaf for Hajj. The obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same as those on one performing Qiran, except that the latter must slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so. The best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form that the Prophet (saws) encouraged his followers to perform.
Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to perform Qiran or Ifraad he is allowed to change his intentions to Tamattu'. He can do this even after he has performed Tawaaf and Sa'ee. When the Prophet (saws) performed Tawaaf and Sa'ee during the year of the Farewell Hajj with his Companions, he ordered all those who hadn't brought sacrificial animals to change their intentions for Hajj to intentions for ‘Umrah, cut their hair and disengage from Ihram till Hajj. He said: ”If I hadn't brought the sacrificial animal, I'd have done what I've ordered you to do.”
The ‘Umrah:
If a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for ‘Umrah, he should shed his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihraam.
Bathing for Ihraam is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing post-natal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Raka’at, which are made each time ablution is performed.
When he finishes his prayer he should say: “Here I am (for ‘Umrah), Oh Allaah, here I am. Here I am. You who has no partner, here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partner.” [This is the Talbeeyah].
A man raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her. One in Ihraam should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially when times and places change. For example: when descending or ascending during travel or when day or night approach. He should also ask Allaah for His pleasure, for Paradise and he should seek refuge in Allaah's mercy from Hellfire.
One should say the Talbeeyah during ‘Umrah, starting from the time he puts on his Ihraam till he starts Tawaaf. During Hajj he should say it starting from the time he puts on his Ihraam till he starts to stone Jamrah Al-‘Aqaba on the day of ‘Eid. When a pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot first and says: "In the name of Allaah, may the peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allaah. Oh Allaah, forgive me my sins and open to me the doors of Your Mercy. I seek refuge in Allaah the Almighty and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal Dominion from the accursed Devil." He approaches the Black Stone, touches it with his right hand and kisses it. If this isn't possible, he should face the Black Stone and point to it. It is best not to push and shove, causing harm and being harmed by other people.
When touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: “In the name of Allaah, Allaah is the Greatest. Oh, Allaah, with faith in You, belief in Your Book, loyalty to You, compliance to the Way of Your Prophet Muhammad (saws)."
A pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches the Rukn Al Yamanee (Yemeni Corner), he should touch, but not kiss it, and say: “Our Lord, grant us good in this life and good in the Hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Hellfire. Oh Allaah, I beg of You for forgiveness and health in this life and in the Hereafter." Each time he passes the Black Stone he should say: "Allaah is the Greatest."
During the remainder of his Tawaaf, he may say what he pleases of supplications, dhikr of Allaah, and recitation of Qur’aan. This is because Tawaaf, Sa'ee, and Stoning the Jamrah have been devised for the purpose of making Dhikr to Allaah. During this Tawaaf it is necessary for a man to do two things:
1. Al-ldhtibaa' - from the beginning of Tawaaf until the end. Al-ldhtubaa' means placing the middle of one's Ridaa (garment) under his right arm and the ends of it over his left shoulder. When he is finished performing Tawaaf, he may return his Ridaa to its original state because the time for Idhtibaa' is only during Tawaaf.
2. Al-Raml - during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during his last four circuits. When he completes seven circuits of Tawaaf, he approaches Maqaam Ibraaheem and recites: ”And take the station of Ibraaheem as a place of Prayer.” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 125]
He must pray two short Raka’at, as close as conveniently possible behind Maqaam Ibraaheem. During the first Raka’ah he should recite Surah Al-Kafiroon [Chapter 109] and during the second one, Surah Al- lkhlaas [Chapter 112].
When he completes the two Raka’at he should return to the Black Stone and touch it, if possible. He then must go out to the Mesa'a and when he gets near to As-Safaa he should recite: “Verily As- Safaa and Al-Marwah are from the symbols of Allaah.” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 158]
He should ascend As-Safaa until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Then while facing the Ka'bah and while raising his hands, he should praise Allaah and makes any supplication he chooses. The Prophet (saws) would say this: “There is no Deity worthy of worship except Allaah” three times, supplicating in between.
He then descends As-Safaa and heads for Al-Marwah at a normal pace until he reaches the green marker. He should then run fast until the next green marker. Then he is ot continue towards Al-Marwah at a normal pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the Qiblah, raises his hands and repeats what he said on As-Safaa. Then he must descend Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking care to walk where walking is designated, and run where running is designated.
He must continue this procedure until he completes seven circuits. Going from As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is one circuit and returning is another circuit. During his Sa'ee he may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation of Qur'aan, and mentioning of Allaah. In completion of the Sa’ee, he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair the length of a fingertip. Shaving is preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient time for hair to grow back. In this case it's best to clip so that hair will remain for shaving during Hajj. With that, ‘Umrah is completed and a pilgrim is free to dress in other clothing, wear perfume and engage in marital relations, etc.
The Hajj:
In the forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself once again by bathing as he did before ‘Umrah in the place in which he is staying, if convenient. He then puts on his Ihraam and says: “Here I am for Hajj. Here I am, O Allaah, here I am. Here I am. You who has no partner, here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partners.”
If he fears that something will prevent him from completing his Hajj he should make a condition when he makes his intention, saying: “If I am prevented by any obstacle my place is wherever I am held up.” If he has no such fear, he doesn't make this condition.
The pilgrim then goes to Minaa and prays Dhuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib, ‘Ishaa and Fajr there, shortening his four unit prayers so as to make them two units each, but without combining them.
When the sun rises, he then goes to ‘Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and ‘Asr combined at the time of Dhuhr, making each one two units. Then he is to remain in Namira Mosque until sunset if possible. He should make dhikr of Allaah and make as many supplications as possible, while facing the Qiblah.